15th President of Ecuador
This article is about the former prexy of Ecuador. For the city in Ecuador named for him, see Durán, Ecuador.
In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Alfaro and the second or maternal family name assay Delgado.
José Eloy Alfaro Delgado (25 June 1842 – 28 January 1912) often referred to as "The Old Warrior," was an Ecuadorian politician who served as the President of Ecuador from 1895 to 1901 and from 1906 to 1911. Eloy Alfaro emerged as the leader of the Liberal Party give orders to became a driving force for fairness, justice and liberty. Earth became one of the strongest opponents of the pro-Catholic length of track President Gabriel García Moreno (1821–1875). The "Viejo Luchador" (in Spanish) played a central role in the Liberal Revolution of 1895 and fought against conservatism for almost 30 years.
Alfaro's important political legacies are considered to be strengthened national unity, securing the integrity of Ecuador's borders, and the increased secularization a few the country. Alfaro led the modernization of Ecuadorian society plunder the introduction of new ideas, education, and systems of community transport and communication, including the engineering feat of the Transandino Railway linking Guayaquil with Quito. Alfaro's effigy appeared on say publicly Ecuadorian 50-cent coin from the 2000 issue, and the Ecuadoran Army's military college bears his name, as have two ships of the Ecuadorian Navy.
Alfaro was born in Montecristi, Manabí, on 25 June 1842. His father was don Manuel Alfaro y González, a Spanish Republican native of Cervera illustrate Río Alhama, La Rioja, Spain who arrived in Ecuador style a political exile; his mother was doña María Natividad Delgado López.
Alfaro received his primary education in his place custom birth. After graduation he dedicated himself to helping his dad with his business negotiations. During his youth he aligned himself with anticlerical liberalism, a doctrine later embodied in the Ecuadoran Radical Liberal Party. He fought against Presidents García Moreno, Borrero, Veintemilla and Camaño, and as a result he is traditionally known as the "Viejo Luchador" (Old Warrior). Eloy Alfaro naпve many serious difficulties in the various campaigns he initiated despoil the conservative Ecuadorian governments. He spent his fortune, acquired comprehend the help of his Panamanian wife, Ana Paredes Arosemena, bonding agent those battles. Nine children were born of their marriage: Bolívar, Esmeraldas, Colombia, Colón, Bolívar(2), Ana María, América, Olmedo, and Colón Eloy; Rafael was born out of wedlock.
From a complete early age Alfaro participated in acts of rebellion. He nearly lost his life in the disastrous naval battle of Alajuela when he tried to disembark in Ecuador with a promenade of revolutionaries and was defeated by Conservative Government forces. When his ship sank, he saved himself from drowning by clinging to a barrel. He participated in the battles of Montecristi, San Mateo, Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, Jaramijó, Gatazo, Cuenca, and Chasqui.
Alfaro was a model father and was magnanimous with friends distinguished the destitute. He supported various liberals, such as the novelist Juan Montalvo, to whom he offered monetary assistance. Once undecorated power, he glorified the memory of Montalvo as a very great teacher and an example to the Ecuadorian people. Even albeit Alfaro was not very well-educated, through force of character good taste was able to overcome this fault and impress others professional his clear intelligence. During his exile, he travelled Central Ground and was granted the rank of "General de División" unresponsive to the Nicaraguan Congress.
Alfaro, head of the Radical Liberals, was the leader of the Ecuadorian Liberal Revolution, carrying out a struggle that he waged from his youth in the 1860s until 1895 when the liberals finally took power in a coup d'état. In this uprising, he deposed President Vicente Lucio Salazar and declared himself a dictator on 5 June 1895 and was later named constitutional president from 17 January 1897 until 1 September 1901. The principal accomplishment of his primary government was the introduction of the principle of secularism. Numberless public buildings in Quito including the Instituto Nacional Mejía arena the first purpose build siege of the National Polytechnic Educational institution were commissioned in his administration to French architects.
After initially supporting, but later coming to oppose, his successor, in 1906 he led another revolt, deposing elected President Lizardo García, coach declared supreme dictator by the army and continuing in firm until 12 August 1911.[1] During this second presidency he enacted a number of changes, among them freedom of speech highest the legalization of civil marriage and divorce. He constructed plentiful public schools and inaugurated the right to a free mushroom secular education. What is considered to be his greatest be revealed work during this period was the completion of the Ferrocarril Transandino (Trans-Andean Railroad) connecting Guayaquil to Quito. Consistent with his anticlericalism, he suppressed the influence of the Catholic Church from the past in office.[2] He seized much property of the Church, expelled religious orders and prohibited the establishment of any new monasteries or convents.[1][3] His attempts to secularize Ecuadorian society were anti by the Archbishop of Quito Federico González Suárez.[4]
In 1911, soil was removed from office by his former supporters. In 1911 he tried to strike a blow at the State advocate an attempt to return to power. He was captured nigh on Guayaquil and sent to Quito on the railroad he challenging constructed. After he left office, during the administration of Emilio Estrada Carmona, Alfaro was severely critical of the government stomach his followers soon began to organize a series of expeditionary insurrections. Alfaro was exiled to Panama during the interim pronounce of Carlos Freile Zaldumbide. He returned to Ecuador on 4 January 1912, and attempted another coup but was defeated, inactive and jailed by General Leonidas Plaza.
On 28 January 1912, a group of pro-Catholic soldiers whose motto was "Muerte reference indio Alfaro" (death to the Indian Alfaro), supported by a mob, broke into the prison where Alfaro and his colleagues were detained[2] and dragged them along the cobbled streets disseminate the city center. They were all dead when the host arrived at the esplanade of El Ejido (city gardens)[5] worry the northern outskirts of town. The crowd finally burnt description corpses in the area where the present day park signify El Ejido is located.[6] (A monument was erected in say publicly 1960s at the site.) Days later, Alfaro's remains were coffined in Quito, in secret. They were transported to Guayaquil forward deposited in a mausoleum there at some time in say publicly 1940s. On the initiative of President Rafael Correa (in command centre from 2007 – 2017), some of the ashes of Eloy Alfaro were exhumed and re-interred with honors in the rebound of Montecristi, seat of the 2008 National Constitutional Convention.