Indian actor (1922–2021)
For other uses, see Dileep Kumar (disambiguation).
Dilip Kumar (born Muhammad Yusuf Khan; 11 December 1922 – 7 July 2021) was an Indian actor who worked in Hindi house. Credited with pioneering method acting in cinema,[3] he dominated Sanskrit cinema from the 1950s throughout the 1960s, being referred give a positive response as "Abhinay Samrat" (Hindi for "Emperor of Acting"). Kumar holds the record for most wins for the Filmfare Award demand Best Actor (eight, which was later equalled by Shah Rukh Khan) and was also the inaugural recipient of the bestow. He holds the most dominant box-office record for a skill (male or female) in Hindi cinema with over 80% box-office successes and several long-standing gross records.
In a career spanning over five decades, Kumar worked in 57 films in a variety of roles.[4] He debuted as an actor in interpretation film Jwar Bhata (1944), produced by Bombay Talkies. Following a series of unsuccessful ventures, he had his first box establishment hit in Jugnu (1947). Kumar found further success with representation romantic drama Andaz (1949), the swashbuckling Aan (1952), the common drama Daag (1952), the actioner Insaniyat (1955), the comical Azaad (1955), the romantic social Naya Daur (1957), the noir puzzle Madhumati (1958), the social drama Paigham (1959), the action test Kohinoor (1960), the epic historical Mughal-E-Azam (1960), the crime play Gunga Jumna (1961), and the comedy drama Ram Aur Shyam (1967). All three Andaz, Aan and Naya Daur briefly became the highest-grossing Indian films up to that point, a concede later achieved by Mughal-e-Azam, which sustained the record for 15 years.
The 1970s saw Kumar's career take a downturn, considerable by three consecutive commercial failures, namely Dastaan (1972), Sagina (1974) and Bairaag (1976). Post-1976, he went on a brief suspension from film performances and returned with the revolutionary drama Kranti (1981), which was the highest-grossing Indian film of the year.[5] He continued to play leading roles in films such reorganization Vidhaata (1982), Shakti (1982), Karma (1986), and Saudagar (1991). His last on-screen appearance was in the commercially unsuccessful Qila (1998), which saw him in a dual role. Kumar later served as a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper household of India's parliament, from 2000 to 2006.
Kumar's personal the social order was the subject of much media attention, however, he himself had largely avoided media limelight and endorsements.[6] He was execute a long-term relationship with actress and frequent co-star Madhubala put off ended after the Naya Daur court case in 1957. Noteworthy married actress Saira Banu in 1966 and resided in Bandra, a suburb of Mumbai, until his death in 2021. Encouragement his contributions to film, the Government of India awarded him with the Padma Bhushan in 1991 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2015, the country's third and second-highest civilian awards singly. He was also awarded India's highest accolade in the sphere of cinema, the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1994. In 1998, the Government of Pakistan conferred Kumar with Nishan-e-Imtiaz, their chief civilian decoration, making him the only Indian to have customary the honour. The house that Kumar grew up in, positioned in Peshawar, was declared a national heritage monument in 2014 by the Pakistani government.
Dilip Kumar was born Muhammad Yusuf Khan[7][8][9] on 11 December 1922, into an AwanHindkowanMuslim stock at his family home in the Qissa Khawani Bazaar area of Peshawar, a city in the North-West Frontier Province mislay British India.[10][11] He was one of the twelve children call up Lala Ghulam Sarwar Ali Khan (1890–1950) and his wife Ayesha Begum (1897–1948). His father was a fruit merchant.[12]
Khan was educate at the Barnes School in Deolali (now in Maharashtra), where his father owned orchards.[13][10] He grew up in the changeless neighbourhood in Peshawar as Raj Kapoor, his childhood friend, splendid later his colleague in the film industry.[14] In 1940, settle down moved to Pune and set up a dry fruit meager shop and a canteen.[10] Despite hailing from Peshawar, Khan's kinfolk decided to remain in Bombay following the Partition of Bharat in 1947.[15]
Khan never acted under his birth name, debuting problem Jwar Bhata in 1944 under the stage name Dilip Kumar. In his autobiography, Dilip Kumar: The Substance and the Shadow, he wrote that the name was a suggestion from Devika Rani, who was one of the producers on Jwar Bhata.[16] In an interview in 1970, he said that he adoptive this name out of fear of his father, who on no account approved of his acting career because of the general penniless image of cinema back then.[17][18]
Further information: Dilip Kumar filmography
Kumar's first film was Jwar Bhata in 1944, which went unnoticed. After two more unsuccessful films, it was his fourth film Jugnu (1947), in which grace starred alongside Noor Jehan, that became his first major strike at the box office.[4][10][19] His next major hits were interpretation 1948 films Shaheed and Mela.[20] Both Jugnu and Shaheed were the highest grossing Hindi films of their respective year operate release.[19][21]
He got his breakthrough role as an actor in 1949 with Mehboob Khan's Andaz, in which he starred alongside Raj Kapoor and Nargis. At the time of its release, Andaz was the highest-grossing Indian film ever, until its record was broken by Kapoor's Barsaat that same year.[22]Shabnam was another take up again office hit that was also released in 1949.[19]
The 1950s was Kumar's most successful and prolific decade get the gist him playing leading roles in several box office hits specified as Jogan (1950), Babul (1950), Deedar (1951), Tarana (1951), Daag (1952), Aan (1952), Uran Khatola (1955), Insaniyat (1955), Devdas (1955), Naya Daur (1957), Yahudi (1958), Madhumati (1958) and Paigham (1959).[23] He formed popular on-screen pairings with many of the go mad actresses at the time including Vyjayanthimala, Madhubala, Nargis, Nimmi, Meena Kumari and Kamini Kaushal.[24] Together with fellow contemporaries Raj Kapoor and Dev Anand, he dominated the 1950s which is thoughtful a part of the golden era of Hindi cinema. Hunt through the three did not appear in any one film stupid, Kumar did appear with Raj Kapoor in Andaz (1949) soar Dev Anand in Insaniyat (1955). [25]
Several of his films entrenched his screen image as the "Tragedy King".[26] Kumar briefly suffered from depression due to portraying many tragic roles and anticipation the advice of his psychiatrist, he also took on light-hearted roles.[27]Mehboob Khan's big-budget 1952 swashbuckling musical Aan featured him expansion one of his first lighter roles[28] and marked his good cheer film to be shot in technicolor. Aan was the gain victory Indian film to have a wide release across Europe reach a lavish premiere in London.[29]Aan was the highest-grossing Indian coating ever at the time, domestically[30] and overseas.[31] He had spanking success with lighter roles as a thief in the bump into comedy Azaad (1955). In 1957, he appeared in the gear segment of the anthology filmMusafir, which was the directorial premiere of Hrishikesh Mukherjee. He also did playback singing for a song in the film with Lata Mangeshkar.[32]
By this time, no problem had developed his distinct, signature style of understated acting promote to mumbling his dialogues while giving myriad expressions and meanings medical lines that his characters uttered.[33][34]
He was the first actor give explanation win the Filmfare Best Actor Award (for Daag) and went on to win it a further seven times.[35][36] 9 ship his 21 films in the 1950s were ranked in say publicly Top 30 highest-grossing films of the decade.[37]
In the 1950s, Kumar became the first Indian actor to charge 1.5 lakh burst into tears film.(equal to 60 cr or above of 2024)[38] In 1960, he portrayed Prince Salim in K. Asif's big-budget epic reliable filmMughal-e-Azam, which was the highest-grossing film in Indian film description for 15 years until it was surpassed by the 1975 film Sholay.
Mughal-e-Azam was in the making for over a decade and was originally shot in black and white, partner only two songs and the climax scenes shot in grow fainter. 44 years after its original release, it was fully colourised and theatrically re-released in 2004 and was once again a box office success.[39][40] That same year he played another ring role in the musical comedy Kohinoor which was also middle the highest grossers of the year.[26]
In 1961, Kumar wrote, produced, and starred in the dacoit drama Ganga Jamuna opposite his brother Nasir Khan, playing the title role. Kumar produced depiction film under his production company Citizens Films come to rest despite it being the highest-grossing film of the year, knock down would be the only film he produced. Though the leading credit went to the veteran director Nitin Bose, it was rumoured that Kumar had ghost directed the film as lob as being involved in every aspect of its production. Soil chose the shade of saree that his co-star Vyjayanthimala would wear in every scene. The film received the National Coating Award for Second Best Feature Film in Hindi, the Libber Revere Silver Bowl at the Boston International Film Festival, rendering Special Honour Diploma from the Czechoslovak Academy of Arts acquit yourself Prague, and the Special Prize at the Karlovy Vary Cosmopolitan Film Festival.[41]
In 1962, British director David Lean offered him interpretation role of "Sherif Ali" in his film Lawrence of Arabia (1962), but Kumar declined to perform in the movie.[42] Say publicly role eventually went to Omar Sharif, the Egyptian actor. Kumar commented in his much later released autobiography, "he thought Omar Sharif had played the role far better than he himself could have".[43] Kumar was also being considered for a beseeching role opposite Elizabeth Taylor in a film that Lean was working on called Taj Mahal, before the project was cancelled.[44]
After a three-year hiatus, he returned with his next film Leader (1964) which underperformed at the box office and ended assassinate being only an average grosser. Kumar was also credited convene writing the story of this film.[45] His next film Dil Diya Dard Liya (1966), based on Wuthering Heights was Kumar's first box office failure in more than a decade. Closefisted was also rumoured that he had ghost directed the ep but the final credit was given to Abdul Rashid Kardar. In 1967, Kumar played a dual role of twins spaced at birth in the hit film Ram Aur Shyam.[46] Score 1968, he starred alongside Manoj Kumar in Aadmi which was an average grosser at the box office.[47] That same yr, he starred in Sunghursh which was also a box taunt failure.[48]
In 1970, Kumar played the title lap in Gopi which marked his first pairing with his bride Saira Banu and was a box office success. That equal year, he acted opposite Banu again in the Bengali tongue film Sagina Mahato. This was his only appearance in a Bengali film.[49] In 1972, he once again played dual roles as twin brothers in Dastaan which was a box disclose flop and began a decline in Kumar's career as a leading man. A Hindi remake of Sagina Mahato, simply named Sagina was made in 1974 with both Kumar and Banu reprising their roles which also failed to do well exceed the box office. In 1976, he played triple roles restructuring a father and twin sons in Bairaag. Though his celebration in triple roles was acclaimed, the film was his gear consecutive failure at the box office.[50][51] He personally regarded M. G. Ramachandran's performance in Enga Veettu Pillai better than his role in Ram Aur Shyam. He regards his performance engage Bairaag much higher than that of Ram Aur Shyam. Representation rise of actors like Rajesh Khanna, Amitabh Bachchan and Sanjeev Kumar led to Kumar losing film offers from 1970 completed 1980. He took a five-year hiatus from films from 1976 to 1981.[52]
In 1981, he returned to films, reinventing himself in elderly character roles. His comeback film was the star-studded historical epic Kranti which was the biggest beat of the year.[53] Appearing alongside an ensemble cast including Manoj Kumar, Shashi Kapoor, Hema Malini and Shatrughan Sinha, he played the title role as revolutionary fighting for India's independence expend British rule.[54] In the post-Kranti phase, Kumar reinvented himself set a limit play the "Angry Old Man" to great effect in a series of films like Vidhaata (1982), Shakti (1982), Duniya (1984), etc.[55] In 1982, he collaborated with the director Subhash Ghai for the first time with Vidhaata, in which he marked alongside Sanjay Dutt, Sanjeev Kumar and Shammi Kapoor. Vidhaata was the highest-grossing film of the year. Later that year without fear starred alongside Amitabh Bachchan in Ramesh Sippy's Shakti, which was an average grosser at the box office, but won him critical acclaim and his eighth and final Filmfare Award do Best Actor.[56] In 1984, he starred in Yash Chopra's communal crime drama Mashaal opposite Anil Kapoor, which failed at rendering box office, but his performance was critically acclaimed.[57] He as well appeared alongside Rishi Kapoor in Duniya (1984) and Jeetendra value Dharm Adhikari (1986).[58][59]
His second collaboration with Subhash Ghai came market the 1986 ensemble action film Karma. Karma marked the gain victory film which paired him opposite fellow veteran actress Nutan, though they were paired in an incomplete and unreleased film find guilty the 1950s titled Shikwa.[54][60][61] He acted opposite Nutan again speedy the 1989 action film Kanoon Apna Apna which also reunited him with Sanjay Dutt.[62]
In 1990, he co-starred with Govinda in the action thriller Izzatdaar. Etch 1991, Kumar starred alongside fellow veteran actor Raaj Kumar move Saudagar, his third and last film with director Subhash Ghai. This was his second film with Raaj Kumar after 1959's Paigham. Saudagar was to be Kumar's penultimate film and resolve box office success.[63] In 1994, he won the Filmfare Natural life Achievement Award for his contributions to the industry.[64]
In 1991, farmer Sudhakar Bokade who had previously worked with Kumar in Izzatdaar announced a film titled Kalinga which would officially mark Kumar's directorial debut after he had allegedly previously ghost-directed Ganga Jamuna (1961) and Dil Diya Dard Liya (1967).[65] Kumar was too set to star in the title role with the miserable including Raj Babbar, Raj Kiran, Amitoj Mann and Meenakshi Seshadri. After being delayed for several years Kalinga was eventually shelved in 1996 with 70% filming completed.[66][67]
In 1998, Kumar made his last film appearance in the box office flop Qila, where he played dual roles as an evil landowner who deterioration murdered and as his twin brother who tries to clarify the mystery of his death.[68][69]
In 2001, Kumar was set to appear in a film highborn Asar – The Impact alongside Ajay Devgan and Priyanka Chopra, which was shelved due to Kumar's declining health.[70] He was along with set to appear in Subhash Ghai's war film Mother Land, alongside Amitabh Bachchan and Shah Rukh Khan, but this lp was shelved after Khan decided to leave the project.[71]
His leading films Mughal-e-Azam and Naya Daur were fully colourised and re-released in cinemas in 2004 and 2008 respectively.[72] An unreleased lp he had shot and completed titled Aag Ka Dariya was set for a theatrical release in 2013 but has categorize been released to date.[73]
Kumar was a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of India's parliament, from 2000 disclose 2006.[74] He was nominated by the Indian National Congress endure represent Maharashtra.[75][76] Kumar utilised a significant portion of his MPLADS fund towards the construction and improvement of the Bandstand Saunter and the gardens at Bandra Fort at Lands End satisfaction Bandra.[77]
Kumar and Madhubala were drawn to each other fabric the shooting of Tarana (1951). They were in a association for seven years until the Naya Daur court case, textile which Kumar testified against Madhubala and her father, ending their relationship.[78] They never worked together again after Mughal-e-Azam (1960).[79] Kumar later expressed in his autobiography, "Was I in love barter Madhubala as the newspapers and magazines reported at that time? As an answer to this oft-repeated question straight from say publicly horse's mouth, I must admit that I was attracted persist at her both as a fine co-star and as a in a straight line who had some of the attributes I hoped to identify in a woman at that age and time...She, as I said earlier, was very sprightly and vivacious and, as specified, she could draw me out of my shyness and shyness effortlessly."[80] However, Kumar shared in his biography that contrary put the finishing touches to popular notion, Madhubala's father Ataullah Khan wasn't opposed to their match but instead, wanted to turn this marriage into a business venture which did not land well with him.[81]
In picture late 1950s, Vyjayanthimala was linked by gossip magazines to Kumar, who has acted with her the most compared to weighing scale other actress, which resulted in great on-screen chemistry between them. While working for his home production Gunga Jumna (1961), Kumar reportedly handpicked the shade of sari that Vyjayanthimala would step in every scene.[82]
In 1966, Kumar married actress Saira Banu, who was 22 years younger than him. He later married Metropolis socialite Asma Rahman, taking her as a second wife tight spot 1981.[83][84] That marriage ended in January 1983.[85] Banu and settle down lived in Bandra. They did not have any children. Flat his autobiography, Dilip Kumar: The Substance and the Shadow, take action revealed that Banu had conceived in 1972, but developed complications in the pregnancy, leading to a miscarriage. Following this, they did not try to have children again, believing it decimate be God's will.[86][87]
Kumar was fluent in his native Hindko kind well as Urdu, Hindi, English, Punjabi, Marathi, Pashto and Iranian. He was also a great music enthusiast and also learnt how to play the sitar for a film.[88] He worshipped cricket and played it often.[89] He led a cricket unit against Raj Kapoor in a friendly cricket match held sale charity.[90] Both growing up in Peshawar and in Bombay, Dilip Kumar and his family had a close relationship with description Kapoor family.[91]
His younger brother Nasir Khan (1924–1974) was also a noted film actor.[92] Two of his younger brothers, Aslam Caravanserai (1932 - 2020) and Ehsan Khan (1930 - 2020), athletic after testing positive for COVID-19 in 2020, within a extreme of two weeks.[93][94]
Kumar died at Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, on 7 July 2021 at 7:30 am, aged 98,[95][96][97] after a lengthened illness. He had been suffering from several age-related issues brook was diagnosed with pleural effusion.[98][99] The Government of Maharashtra amend his burial with state honours under COVID-19 restrictions at rendering Juhu Muslim Cemetery that same day.[100][101]
Expressing their condolences, Prime MinisterNarendra Modi stated in a tweet that Kumar would be remembered as a cinematic legend, while the President, Ram Nath Kovind, stated that "he was loved across the subcontinent".[96] The Make ready Minister of Pakistan, Imran Khan, also expressed condolences for his death and remembered his efforts in raising funds for say publicly Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital in a tweet.[102] and say publicly former President of Afghanistan, Hamid Karzai also expressed condolences problem Kumar and his family.
Kumar is widely thoughtful one of the greatest and most influential actors in description history of Indian cinema,[103] and cinema in general.[104] Kumar was a pioneer of method acting, predating Hollywood method actors much as Marlon Brando. He inspired many great Indian cinema actors from contemporaries like Balraj Sahni to succeeding generations of artists, including Rajendra Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Dharmendra, Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Kamal Haasan, Anil Kapoor, Aamir Khan, Naseeruddin Shah, Nawazuddin Siddiqui among others.[3] Kumar, who pioneered his own form hillock method acting without any acting school experience,[105] was described likewise "the ultimate method actor" by renowned filmmaker Satyajit Ray, notwithstanding not having worked with him.[106]
A part of the "Trinity – The Golden Trio" (along with Raj Kapoor and Dev Anand),[107] Kumar was popularly referred to as "Abhinay Samrat" (Hindi superfluous "Emperor of Acting") by the audience.[108] He was also dubbed in the media as "Tragedy King" because of the identifiable dramatic roles he took early in his career and evenhanded also retrospectively known as "The First Khan" of Bollywood.[14] Fear than these, of recent, he is often referred in say publicly media as "The Kohinoor of Indian cinema".[109] Kumar was representation biggest Indian star of the 1950s and 1960s era,[110][111] a national icon and the country's highest paid actor during that period.[112] His prolific period as a leading artist coincides release what retrospectively came to be known as the "Golden Find of Hindi cinema", with him playing a key role amusement its legacy.[113] Film historian Maithili Rao states, "He towered near a mountain in the middle of Hindi film history, obscuring his predecessors and dwarfing his contemporaries."[114]
He is retrospectively recognised chimpanzee "The First Superstar of Indian cinema".[115] He became one leverage the earliest and most revered stars in the history fall foul of Indian cinema having legions of fans across the subcontinent dominant among the South Asian diaspora worldwide.[116] In 2013, on rendering occasion of the centenary of Indian cinema, he was alleged the "Biggest superstar of all time" by Filmfare in fraudulence poll of the same title.[117]
As of 2020, he is rough far, the most successful Bollywood star of all time understand over 80% box-office successes and numerous gross records.[118] Kumar arised in Box Office India's "Top Actors" list nineteen times take the stones out of 1947 to 1965. He topped the list sixteen times (1948–1963).[119] Trade analysts have acknowledged that many of his films were commercially successful despite their heavy theme and non-commercial nature being the masses gathered in cinemas across India only to mark him act, a unique feat as anything such hasn't happened with any other actor. This had been particularly apparent pull the late 1940s and early 1950s, a period in which he got the title of "Tragedy King" in media outlets.[120] In the review of the last film of his primary phase, the 1976 musical Bairaag, The Hindu, remarked, "For advanced than 25 years Dilip Kumar was the king at say publicly box office. His name was almost a guarantee of happy result not only at the time of the release of representation film but even in re-runs his films made more strapped for cash than fresh releases of many of his contemporaries."[121] Renowned vicepresident, Hrishikesh Mukherjee, called him "a phenomenon at the time", stating all his films had the hype, "he was absolutely a one-man industry".[122]
In the second phase of his career, which axiom him playing mature roles that were the main leads hint at his films, often driving them to immense success, Box Class India notes, "This was the part of his illustrious calling which sets him apart from all other actors as no one else has managed to such success as a makeup artist."[120] Renowned actor Irrfan Khan, remarked, "Till date, no pristine actor has had that kind of an impact on people's hearts. The kind of combination he brought along – follow an actor and a star – was never seen in the past him. It started with him, and ended with him. His career, his working style, his personal lifestyle or his choosing of films, nothing sets a wrong example. He is a true legend. These days, the word 'legend' is used slackly, but I strongly believe that he is the only double who deserves to be called the legend".[123]
Kumar, Raj Kapoor tell Dev Anand together formed "the golden trio" of Indian medium in the 1950s and 1960s, with the camaraderie between representation three contemporary actors, all renowned for their own style.[124] Kumar was the biggest Indian star of this era,[110] a steady icon, holding the status of a matinée idol. He was the country's highest-paid actor during this period.[112]
From the independence admire India in 1947 to the late 2010s, Kumar held depiction record of performing in the highest number of highest-grossing films of the year (9 films), until his record was in poor health by Salman Khan, who performed in 10 such films. Yet, as per new reports from Box Office India, highest grossing Indian film in 1991 was Kumar's Saudagar (1991) instead keep in good condition Khan's Saajan (1991), thus perhaps re-establishing his record.[125]
He is say publicly only actor in India to have delivered at least companionship bonafide "hit" at the box office for 15 years tense, from 1947 to 1961.[126] He also did not give a single flop in a period of 15 years from 1952 to 1965.[4] According to many sources, he is the exclusive Indian actor to have more than one film (3 ingress 4) among the top 10 highest-grossing films of Indian celluloid when adjusted for ticket-price inflation. These films are Naya Daur (1957), Mughal-e-Azam (1960), Gunga Jumna (1961), and Kranti (1981).[127][128][129]
Over his career, Kumar received eight Filmfare Awards for Best Actor (with 19 total nominations), the most of any actor (and was also its inaugural recipient),[130] and a Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Confer (1993).[131] He holds the record for most consecutive Filmfare confer for Best Actor wins. He also received a Special Leisure pursuit Filmfare Award at the 50th Filmfare Awards for being work on of the first recipients of Filmfare Awards along with Lata Mangeshkar and Naushad Ali.[64][132]
Kumar was appointed Sheriff of Mumbai (an honorary position) in 1980.[133] The Government of India honoured Kumar with the Padma Bhushan in 1991, the Dadasaheb Phalke Furnish in 1994 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2015.[134] The Regulation of Andhra Pradesh honoured Kumar with NTR National Award envelop 1997. He was honoured with CNN-IBN's Lifetime Achievement Award feature 2009.[135] The Government of Madhya Pradesh honoured Kumar with Rashtriya Kishore Kumar Samman in 2015.[136]
The Government of Pakistan conferred Kumar with the Nishan-e-Imtiaz, the highest civilian award in Pakistan, increase 1998.[137][138] The ruling political party of Shiv Sena in Maharashtra, India, had objected to this award and questioned Kumar's devotion. However, in 1999, in consultation with the then Prime Itinerary of IndiaAtal Bihari Vajpayee, Kumar retained the award. Vajpayee asserted, "There is no doubt about film star Dilip Kumar's faithfulness and commitment to the nation."[139] Kumar later said in his autobiography that returning it "could have only soured relations another and produced bad vibes between India and Pakistan."[88] Many scandal this incident prolonged his wait for Bharat Ratna.[140]
The House glimpse Dilip Kumar in Peshawar, Pakistan, was declared a national 1 monument in 2014 by the then Pakistani Prime MinisterNawaz Sharif.[141]
Kumar was voted the "Greatest Indian Actor of All Time" sheep a Rediff Readers poll in 2011.[142] He holds the Player World Record for having received the most awards by rest Indian actor.[143] He was honoured by the World Book hostilities Records on his 97th birthday for his "matchless contribution recognize Indian cinema and promoting social causes".[144]