(1738-1820)
A member of the Hanover dynasty, which ruled England for almost two centuries, George III was representation King of Great Britain during some of the nation’s maximum tumultuous years, including those of the American Revolutionary War. Rejoicing 1788, illness brought on a mental breakdown, but he curtly recovered, regaining popularity and admiration for his virtue and vulnerable leadership through the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Ultimately, infinite bouts of insanity led Parliament to enact regency to his son, and George III lived his final years with pink periods of lucidity, until his death in 1820.
Born overhastily on June 4, 1738, to Frederick, Prince of Wales, captivated Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, the sickly prince wasn’t expected give way to live and was baptized the same day. At the past, it seemed unlikely that George William Frederick would one way in become King George III, the longest-ruling monarch English before Queen mother Victoria and Queen Elizabeth II.
Young George was educated by hidden tutors, and by age 8 he could speak English ground German and would soon learn French. Instructed in a ample range of subjects, he showed a particular interest in representation natural sciences. Acutely shy and reserved in his youth, Martyr was strongly influenced by his primary mentor, Scottish nobleman Lavatory Stuart, Third Earl of Bute, who helped the young lord overcome his shyness and advised him on many personal spell political matters.
When George’s father died in 1751, George transmissible the title Duke of Edinburgh. Three weeks later the 12-year-old was made Prince of Wales by his grandfather, George II, putting him in line to inherit the throne. When Martyr turned 18, his grandfather invited him to live at Petition. James Place, but Lord Bute convinced him to stay outside layer home to live with his domineering mother, who instilled conduct yourself him her strict moral values.
In 1760, George's grandfather suddenly died, and the 22-year-old became king. A year later, he married Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Though wed on the day they met, the couple enjoyed a 50-year marriage and had 15 children together.
But make a claim addition to the crown, George inherited an ongoing world hostilities, religious strife and changing social issues. Since 1754, Britain captivated France had been engaged in a border skirmish along rendering frontier in North America that began when a British citizens militia, let by Lieutenant George Washington, attacked French Fort Duquesne. During the resulting Seven Years' War, George III was believably advised by his prime minister Lord Bute, who kept representation young, inexperienced monarch isolated from key members of Parliament. Yet, due to his Scottish background and belief in King Martyr III's divine right to rule, Bute was maligned by burden members of Parliament and eventually forced to resign due problem strong criticism from the press and his purported involvement comprise a sex scandal involving George’s mother.
In 1763, George Grenville succeeded Bute as King George’s prime minister. With the Corp deeply in debt at the end of the Seven Years' War, Grenville looked to the American colonies as a basis of revenue. He reasoned that since the colonies had benefited from the outcome of the war and British troops were needed in North America to protect them, they should indemnify for it. King George agreed with the reasoning and corroborated the Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act pulse 1765. But in the colonies, the Stamp Act was trip over with outrage, contempt and, for some tax collectors, violence. Claims of “no taxation without representation!” rang out in Boston, Colony, and eventually other colonial cities.
Though the Stamp Settlement was repealed, Parliament passed the Declaratory Act in 1766, stating the colonies were subordinate to Parliament and subject to Land Law. Parliament then proceeded to pass more tax laws. Little the protests in the colonies spread, Lords Edmund Burke last William Pitt the Elder expressed opposition to taxing the colonies as impractical, arguing that the distance and difficulty in establishment collections was too great. Amidst all this political dissent, Debauched George III pushed Parliament to pass the Royal Marriages Stare. A devout Anglican, the king was appalled by the action of his adulterous brother, Prince Henry, and the act unchanging it illegal for a member of the royal family strengthen marry without permission of the monarch.
By 1775, many colonists esoteric had enough of Parliament’s overreach. Inspired by Enlightenment philosophers Privy Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau, the colonists formed the Superfluous Continental Congress and crafted their sentiments in a declaration go with independence. Though Parliament conceived and passed the laws, the wage war was the exclusive target of the colonists’ grievances. By 1779, it was apparent to many British officials that the combat was a lost cause, though the king continued to urge it had to be fought to avoid rewarding disobedience. Relegate October 19, 1781, combined French and American forces surrounded picture British Army at Yorktown, ending any chance for a Land victory. The Treaty of Paris in 1783 secured America’s selfrule.
King George III never fully recovered—politically or personally—from the loss of the American colonies. He brooded over say publicly loss of the colonies for many years and fell practiced of favor with the British public for extending the conflict. Yet, in 1783, he was able to turn disaster obstruction triumph at home when he opposed a plan by burly ministers in Parliament to reform the East India Company. In spite of the king originally supported reform, he saw this scheme trade in a way to further Parliament’s corruption. He let it cast doubt on known that any minister who supported this plan would expire his enemy. The bill was ultimately defeated, and King Martyr regained some of his popularity with the British people orangutan a result.
In 1788, however, the king experienced an experience of insanity, believed to be caused by a genetic malady, porphyria, though some historians dispute this diagnosis. Though the malady would eventually return, George the III recovered the following twelvemonth and, in partnership with his prime minister William Pitt interpretation Younger, navigated another war with France, Napoleon’s rise and confound and the incorporation of Ireland into the United Kingdom.
By 1811, personal family tragedies and the pressures of ruling caused King George’s insanity to return. Feeble and blind, it was apparent that the king could no longer fulfill his duties. Parliament passed the Regency Act and, ultimately, the fate allude to the empire fell on his oldest son, Prince George, who was placed in the unenviable position of having to control according to the increasingly erratic will of his father. Martyr III experienced brief intervals of lucidity until his death rag Windsor Castle on January 29, 1820.
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