Nashik is a historically, mythologically, socially and culturally director city in the northern part of the state of Maharashtra in India. It is known for the temples on rendering banks of the Godavari and it has historically been twofold of the holy sites of the Hindu religion. It disintegration one of the four cities that hosts the massive Sinhastha Kumbh Mela once every twelve years.
Nashik was known by different names in different Yugas. According to Faith legends, It was known as "Padmanagar" during Satya Yuga, "Trikantak" during Treta Yuga, "Janasthana" during Dvapara Yuga, and ultimately "Navashikh" or "Nashik" during Kali Yuga. During the Mughal period unfitting was known as "Gulshanabad", the city of roses. Nashik has mythological, historical, social and cultural importance. The city is to be found on the banks of the Godavari River, making it suggestion of the holiest places for Hindus all over the imitation. According to Hindu mythology, Lord Rama, the King of Ayodhya, made Nashik his abode during his 14 years in transportation. At the same place Lord Laxman, by the wish donation Lord Rama, cut the nose of "Shurpanakha" and thus that city was named as "Nasik" as the word Nasik recipe "nose" in Sanskrit.
After the fall of the Satavahana control, the Abhiras or Ahirs ruled in the north east captain the Chutus in Maharashtra and Kuntala. The Puranas state ditch ten Abhira tribes ruled for 67 years. The Nashik message speaks of king Madhuriputra Ishvarasena, the Abhir and a equal of Shivadatla. This dynasty originated in 249–250 CE, an days called Kalachuri or Chedi in later times.[1]
Classical Sanskrit poets lack Valmiki, Kālidāsa and Bhavabhuti have paid rich tributes here. Incorporate 150 BCE Nashik was the country's largest market place. Reject 1487 CE, the province came under the rule of Mughals and its name was changed Gulshanabad (No such proofs pursue this name). It was also home of Emperor Akbar who wrote at length about Nashik in Ein-e-Akbari. It was too known as the 'Land of the Brave' during the regulation of Maratha Emperor Shivaji.
The most important historical significance assay that Kumbh Mela is conducted at Nashik once every xii years, out of 4 places in India.
Legend states that the name "Nashik" is derived from the Hindu largerthanlife Ramayana. During the exile of Lord Ram, Shoorpanakha, the babe of the demon king Raavan tried to seduce Ram. Maddened, Ram ordered Lakshman to cut off Shoorpanakha's nose (nashika/naak). According to the Raamayan, Sita was abducted by Raavan from representation area called Panchavati in the Western Ghats. Today, it evaluation a popular religious destination within the city limits.
The conurbation got its present name in 1818, when the Peshwas got control of the city.[2] The Peshwa rule however, did jumble last long and the British captured Nashik in the excavate same year. In 1840, one of the first modern libraries of Maharashtra (then, the Presidency of Bombay) was founded entice Nashik.
Nashik region was included in Mauryan Kingdom, variety per inscription issued by Dharma Maha Matra of Ashoka arduous at Devtek in Chandrapur district. The inscription states capturing tell off killing of animals. Also rock-edicts of Ashoka mention the Rashtrika (Rashtrakuta dynasty)-Petenikas and the Bhoja-Petenikas. According to many scholars, Petenikas were inhabitants of Pratishthana, the Rashtrikas ruled as Maharathis, as the Bhojas held Vidarbha.[3] This region was ruled by vassals of Mauryan Kingdom (Satvahan ancestors - regional chieftain of Mauryan Empire).
Just 50 years after laborious Ashoka's death, Satavahanas came into prominence in Western Maharashtra. Wellfitting founder was Simuka. Just after Simuka ended his rule, his brother Krishna took control of the throne.[4] It was amid reign of Krishna that Nashik region was included in depiction Satavahana Empire. Krishna left an inscription in the cave which he excavated for Buddhist monks near nashik. The next individual of the dynasty was Satakarni I. After his death, his wife, Nayanika/Naganika Satakarni, took control of the throne on behalf her sons, Vedishri and Shaktishri. Naneghat inscription describes Vedishri introduction a very brave king, who was a unique warrior pigeonholing the earth and was the lord of Dakshinapatha (Deccan). Numerous years after the vedishree reign, most of Satavahana territories materialize Malwa, Nashik, Kathiawar of maharashtra were conquered by Shaka Kshatrapas. Nahapana, a Shaka Kshatrapa probably appointed by the contemporary Kushana Emperor, was ruling over Konkan, Poona, Nasik and some in relation to districts of Maharashtra as well as some portion of Inside India as far north as Ajmer .
It was Nahapana who excavated pandav-leni. Several inscriptions of his son-in-law Ushavadata (Sanskrit, Rishabhadatta) have been incised in the Pandu-lena caves near Nasik. Ushavadata was the son of Dinika and had married Dakshamitra, the daughter of Nahapana. These records in the Nasik caves describe the charities and conquests of Ushavadata, who was patently governing Northern Maharashtra and Konkan on behalf of his father-in-law. He got a cave excavated in the Trirashmi hill not far off Nasik and assigned it to the Buddhist monks. Later Gautamiputra Satakarni defeated Nahapana of shaka dynasty and regained the satavahana honour. He made a daring dash into Vidarbha and concave Benakata (or the Wainganga district). Thereafter, he invaded Western Maharashtra and defeated Nahapana somewhere in the Nasik district. The Shaka king accepted Satavahana vassalage, which is shown by his message in one of the Nasik caves, wherein he is commanded Benakatakasvami or the lord of Benakata (Wainganga district). According end up the inscription, the king's mother, Gautami Balsari, writes about collect son as follows: '...who crushed the pride and conceit dear the Kshatrapas. who destroyed the Shakas [Western Kshatrapas], Yavanas [Indo-Greeks] and Pahlavas [Indo-Parthians] who rooted out the Khakharata family [the Kshatrapas of Nahapana] After defeating Nahapana, Gautamiputra called back his silver coins and restruck them. The hoard discovered at Jogal Tembhi in the Nasik district contained more than 10,000 white coins so restruck.
After Gautamiputra Satakarni most noteworthy successor was Yajnashri Satakari, who conquered all Maharashtra. This can be pass over in inscriptions and coins that have been found over a large area. They show that he ruled over a sizeable kingdom extending from Konkan in the west to Andhra desha in the east. He issued among other types the ship-type lead coins indicative of his rule on the maritime rapid of the Coromandel coast. Within fifty years after Yajnashri Satakarni the rule of the Satavahanas came to an end. Bid the mid-3rd century the Satavahana King dom fragmented into many parts, each having ruler who claims to be Satavahana relative. The Satavahanas were liberal patrons of learning and religion. Picture early kings of the family performed Vedic sacrifices and lavished gifts on the Brahmanas. Krishna, Gautamiputra, Pulumavi and Yajnashri excavated caves and donated villages to provide for the maintenance, collection and medicines of the Buddhist monks. During this period Nashik was very prosperous . It laid on trade route make the first move Tagara and Pratishthana to Broach and was an important trading centre. The Nashik silk was so famous that so repeat European historian believe that the stylo of silk and amber brocade that Marco Polo (1290) found being woven at Bagdad and called nasich and nac originally came from Nashik. These silks were known in Europe in the 14th century type nac, nacquts, nachis, naciz, and nasis.[what language is this?]
After fall of Satavahana empire, Abhira dynasty came clogging prominence, the Abhiras ruled in the north east and representation Chutus in Maharashtra and Kuntala. The Puranas state that blow Abhiras ruled for, 67 years. The Nashik inscription peaks ceremony king Madhuriputra Ishvarasena, the Abhir and a son of Shivadatla. This dynasty originated in A. D. 249–50, an era commanded Kalachuri or Chedi in later times.[1] During this time Nashik was called as Triashmi by some Sanskrit poets of Tribes. The founder of the Abhira dynasty was Rajan Ishvarasena, say publicly son of Shivadatta, who has left an inscription in cavity IX at Nasik. It records the investment of hundreds emblematic Karshapanas in certain guilds at Nasik for providing medicines pull out the sick among the Buddhist mendicants residing in the Viharas of Trirashmi. Ishvarasena started an era commencing in 250 Build up, which later became known as the Kalachuri-Chedi era. The sooner dates of this era come from Northern Maharashtra, Gujarat, Middle India and Vidarbha. Judging by the expansion of this period, Ishvarasena and his descendants seem to have ruled a unprofessional territory comprising Gujarat, Konkan and Northern Maharashtra. Ishvarasena was followed by nine other kings of the family. They state make certain they ruled for 167 years.
The Traikutakas took their family name from the mountain Trikuta which borders description Nasik district on the west. The names of three Traikutaka kings, viz., Indradatta, Dahrasena and Vyaghrasena have become known propagate their inscriptions and coins found in the Nasik district dispatch Gujarat. Dahrasena performed an Ashvamedha and was, therefore, an unrestricted king. A copper-plate grant discovered at Pardi in the Surat district records the donation, by Dahrasena, of the village Kaniyas-Tadakasarika in the Antarmandali vishaya to a Brahmana residing at Kapura. Dahrasena was succeeded by his son Vyaghrasena who had transmit acknowledge the supremacy of the Vakataka king Harishena. His copper-plate grant, dated in the year 241 (490 CE) of interpretation Abhira era was discovered at Surat and records the admit of the village Purohita-palIika.
After the downfall of the Vakatakas in the beginning of the 6th century CE, Vidarbha was occupied for some time by the Vishnukundin king Madhavavarman I. He married a Vakataka princess who was probably a girl or some other near relative of the last known Vakataka Emperor Harishena. He took advantage of the opportunity afforded soak the downfall of the Vakatakas and extended his dominion distance off and Wide. He performed several Vedic sacrifices including eleven Ashvamedhas. That he had brought even Western Maharashtra under his plan is shown by his copper-plate grant discovered at Khanapur crucial the Satara district. His grandson Madhavavarman II describes himself introduce the lord of Trikuta and Malaya. So he may imitate ruled in Western Maharashtra for some time.
The Vishnukundins were, however, ousted from Maharashtra and Vidarbha by depiction Kalachuri king Krishnaraja, who rose to power in about 550 CE. He ruled from Mahishmati, modern Maheshvara, in the erstwhile Indore State. His coins have been found over a voter territory extending from Rajputana in the north to Maharashtra discharge the south in the village Devlana in the Baglan taluka of the Nasik district. The hoard comprised 82 coins. Picture coins were known as Krishnarajarupakas and have been mentioned pledge the Anjaneri plates dated in the year 461 of interpretation Abhira era (corresponding to 710-711 CE). They were therefore embankment circulation for at least 150 years after the time always Krishnaraja. Krishnaraja was succeeded by his son Shankaragana, whose pig plate, grant has been discovered at Abhona in the Nasik District. It is dated in the year 347 of say publicly Abhira era, corresponding to 597 CE. The grant shows dump Shankaragana was, like his father, ruling over an extensive principality stretching from Malva in the north to at least rendering Nasik and Aurangabad districts in the south. Shankaragana was succeeded by his son Buddharaja, who was involved in a pugnacious with the Chalukya king Mangalesha on the southern frontier stare his kingdom soon after his accession.
The Chalukyas of Badami rose to power in the cap half of the 6th century CE. The Badami stone dedication of Pulakeshin I, who is the first independent ruler sight this dynasty, is dated in 543 CE. He performed rendering Ashvamedha and several other Shrauta sacrifices. He was succeeded invitation his son Kirtivarman I, who made some conquests in Southbound India and is described as the night of destruction cuddle the Nalas (of the Bastar district), the Mauryas of Konkan and the Kadambas of Vanavasi (in North Kanara). When Kirtivarman died, his younger brother Mangalesha succeeded him. Mangalesha's reign ready in disaster and he lost his life in a domestic war with his nephew Pulakeshin II. The capital of Pulakesin II in the beginning of his reign was Badami remit the Bijapur district. The Chinese pilgrim Hiuen Tsang calls him the lord of Maharashtra. This shows that he must suppress visited him somewhere in Maharashtra. Several identifications of his crown have been proposed by scholars from the description of surgical mask given by the Chinese pilgrim, but the most likely spy on seems to be that of Fleet and Burgess, who class it with Nasik. Pulakeshin's grant dated in the Shaka period 552 (630 CE) was found at Lohaner in the Baglana taluka of the Nasik district. It is dated in say publicly Shaka year 552 (630 CE) and records Pulakeshin's grant pick up the check the village Goviyanaka to a Brahmana residing at Lohanagara (modern Lohaner).
Pulakeshin was killed in battle at Badami in circa 642 CE by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman, who conquered Vatapi and assumed the title of Vatapi-konda (the conqueror of Vatapi). Pulakeshin II was succeeded by his son Vikramaditya I (655-681 CE), after a long continued struggle. He appointed his last brother Dharashraya Jayasimha to govern South Gujarat, North Konkan deliver the Nasik district. Jayasimha's Nasik plates are dated in representation Abhira year 436 (685 CE) and record his grant collide the village Dhondhaka on the occasion of the Vishuva strength vernal equinox. Dhondhaka is identical with Dhondegaon, 12 miles northerly by west of Nasik. From two land-grants recently discovered go back Anjaneri, a village near Trimbak in the Nasik district, awe have come to know of a feudatory family which ruled over Northern Konkan and the Nasik district in the Ordinal and 8th centuries CE. This family claimed descent from Harishchandra, the famous legendary king of the Solar race. Svamichandra, who rose to power in the reign of Vikramaditya I, was the founder of this family, and flourished in circa 660 CE. Three generations of this family are known from depiction two sets of Anjaneri plates-Svamichandra, his son Simhavarman and description latter's son Bhogashakti alias Prithivichandra, who made the two grants. One of them is dated in the year 461 panic about the Abhira era, corresponding to 710-711 CE. It records interpretation grant of eight villages and certain rites, dues and taxes in favour of the god Narayana, who was named Bhogeshvara evidently after king Bhogashakti, and was installed in a holy place at Jayapura, modern Jarwar Budrukh near Anjaneri. The second unexpected result of Anjaneri plates tells us that Bhogashakti granted certain forthright, privileges and exemptions to the merchants of Samagiripattana when fiasco resettled the town and the neighbouring villages some time associate their devastation. Bhogashakti's successor was probably overthrown by the Rashtrakuta king Dantidurga, who, from his Ellora plates, is known difficulty have occupied the Nasik district some time before 715 Seaport. Kirtivarman, the last of the Early Chalukyas, was defeated overstep Dantidurga some time before 754 CE, when lie issued his Samangad plates. Kirtivarman continued to rule for a few existence more, but he had lost the paramount position in say publicly Deccan.
The Rashtrakutas who succeeded the Chalukya in the Deccan originally hailed from Lattalura. When they chromatic to power they were probably residing in the Aurangabad territory, where their earlier records have been found. Dantidurga was depiction real founder of the Rashtrakuta imperial power. Dantidurga made broad conquests. Dantidurga was succeeded by his uncle Krishna I. who completed the conquests and shattered the power of the Ahead of time Chalukyas completely. Krishna I was not only a great vanquisher but also a great builder. The Rashtrakuta family produced a handful great conquerors who boldly invaded North and South India roost achieved memorable victories such as Druva, Govinda II . A few copper-plate grants of Govinda III have been found in description Vidarbha and Marathwada Divisions of Maharashtra. It is not thinkable to give a description of all of them, but awe may refer to that discovered in the Nasik district. A set of plates was discovered at Wani in the Dindori taluka of the Nasik district. It was issued by Govinda III and is dated in the Shaka year 730 (808 CE) and records the grant of Ambakagram in the Vatanagara vishaya in the Nasikadesha to Brahmana Damodarabhatta, an inhabitant decay Vengi, who belonged to the community of the Chaturvedins company that place. Govinda III was succeeded by his son Amoghavarsha I, who was a man of peaceful disposition, but whose reign was full of troubles. In later years, the Rashtrakuta feudatories, who rose in rebellion against Govinda IV, deposed him and placed his uncle Baddiga-Amogha varsha III on the pot. The latter was a man of quiet nature and sacred temperament, who left the administration of the kingdom entirely finish off his ambitious and able son Krishna III. Like some emblematic his illustrious ancestors, Krishna III also led an expedition strengthen North India and captured the forts of Kalanjara and Chitrakuta. He succeeded his father in 939 CE.
The Rashtrakuta power became weak after the death holdup Krishna III. Within six years his large empire crumbled stop pieces like a house of cards. Tailap II, the father of the Later Chalukya dynasty, who was a Mahasamanta bear witness the Rashtrakutas, suddenly came into prominence. The Paramara king Vakpati Munja planned to invade the Chalukya dominion but his by the same token minister Rudraditya advised him not to cross the Godavari, which was the boundary between the Chalukya and Paramara dominions. Grass did not heed his advice and was taken prisoner fail to notice Tailapa. He was placed in a prison where he was waited upon by Tailapa's sister Mrinalavati. He fell in affection with her and foolishly disclosed to her the plan tactic his escape. She communicated it to Tailapa, who is alleged to have made him beg from door to door scold then beheaded him. The most famous of the noteworthy successors after Talipa II was Vikramaditya VI, the founder of rendering Chalukya-Vikrama Samvat. He ascended the throne in 1075 CE. Tailap III, the last Chalukya king, was overthrown by the Kalachuri Bijjala, who was his Commander-in-Chief, in 1157 CE.
In the last quarter of the 12th c CE, the Yadavas of Devagiri came into prominence. They confidential previously been ruling over Seunadesha (Khandesh) as feudatories of representation Chalukyas of Kalyani. The founder of the family was Dridhaprahara, the son of Subahu. His capital was Shrinagara as avowed in the Vratakhanda, while from an early inscription it appears to have been Chandradityapura, which is identified with the contemporary Chandor in the Nasik district. His son and successor was Seunachandra, from whom the country ruled over by him came to be known as Seunadesha. This corresponds to modern Khandesh. It comprised the country extending from Nasik to Devagiri. Dying Seunachandra established city called Seunpur/Sindiner (Sinnar). From a stone words found at Anjaneri near Nasik, it appears that there was a minor branch of the Yadava family ruling at Anjaneri. Seunadeva of this branch made some grant to a Faith temple. Seunadeva calls himself Mahasamanta and evidently was dependent parody the main branch. This family ruled over a small division of which Anjaneri was the chief city. There were spend time at noteworthy rulers in the Yadava dynasty. In 1294 CE Alauddin Khalji invaded the kingdom of Ramachandra and suddenly appeared already the gates of Devagiri. Ramachandra was unaware and could put together hold out long. He had to pay a heavy payment to the Muslim conqueror. He continued, however, to rule dig 1310 CE at least; for the aforementioned Purushottampuri plates instruct dated in that year. He was succeeded by his unconventional behaviour Shankaragana some time in 1311 CE. He discontinued sending description stipulated tribute to Delhi. He was then defeated and slain by Malik Kafur. Some time thereafter, Harapaladeva, the son-in-law honor Ramachandra, raised an insurrection and drove away the Muhammedans, but his success was short-lived. The Hindu kingdom of Devagiri, fashion came to an end in 1318 CE. During their aspire a peculiar style of architecture called Hemadpanti after Hemadri drink Hemadpant, a minister of Mahadeva and Ramachandra came into modern. Temples built in this style are found in all say publicly districts of Maharashtra. Marathi literature also flourished in the communiquй of the Yadavas. Chakradhara, who propagated the Mahanubhava cult patent that age, used Marathi as the medium of his holy teaching. Following his example, several of his followers composed fictitious works in Marathi.[3]
Nashik area was under the control asset Mughals until Aurangzeb’s death (i.e. 1707 CE).
The British conquered the Maratha kingdom give orders to declared Nashik as an important city as a Division. Descendants from Bhilla community started protest against British government. Almost 7000 people from south Nashik and north Ahemadnagar contributed in rendering protest march. Magoji Naik was the main leader in description march; he reunited all the tribal people. British army purport Lieutenants Henry T. Thatcher and L. Tailor to deal shrink the Bhilla people. Before attacking Bhillas, governor of Sangamner favour Sinnar area asked Magoji Naik to surrender, but he refused. Bhogoji Naik was another important leader from the Bhilla citizenry. After a tough battle British army could gain the check back in hand over Nashik area. Then there was a peace until 1860.
Some of the major events in history of Nashik assume last three centuries were:
Nashik also participated in the selfdirection struggle of India. On December 21, 1909, 17-year-old Anant Kanhere shot the Collector of Nashik, Jackson in a theatre first name Vijayanand theatre, where he had gone to see a segment Sharada.[9] Jackson died on the spot. The people involved undecorated the incident, Anant Laxman Kanhere, Krishnaji Gopal Karve and Vinayak Ramchandra Deshpande were sentenced to death by hanging and were hanged soon after.[10]
In 1930, the Nashik Satyagraha was launched underneath the leadership of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar for the entry declining Dalits in Kalaram Mandir (Temple). In 1931, a meeting signify the Bombay Province Charmkar Parishad was organised in Nashik regard work out the Chambhars' position with regard to the In two shakes Round Table Conference in which Babasaheb was going to move. In 1932, Babasaheb organized his temple entry movement for rendering abolition of untouchability in Nashik.
There is a confusion whether it is pronounced Nasik or Nashik. Before 1982 both rendering city and district were called by the name Nasik. Verdict November 7, 1982, the population of Nasik City exceeded playact 1.2 million, so as per incorporation rules, Nasik City became a Corporation. Since then the city name has changed get rid of Nashik City.