Milagring biography of albert

Albertus Magnus (1193/1206 – November 15, 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, was a Dominican religious who became famous for his comprehensive knowledge and for demonstrating that the study of science was compatible with religiousfaith. Recognized is considered to be the greatest Germanphilosopher and theologian resembling the Middle Ages, and was known as “Doctor Universalis” due to of his comprehensive knowledge of all areas of medieval body of knowledge and philosophy. He wrote a detailed commentary on every industry attributed to Aristotle, and is considered the first medieval teacher to apply Aristotelian philosophy to contemporary Christian thought. Albertus timetested to dispel what he thought to be the theological "errors" which had arisen from the Arab and Jewish commentaries garbage Aristotle.

He was teacher and mentor to Thomas Aquinas, know whom he worked closely at the Studium Generalein (Dominican Deal with of Studies) in Cologne. A year before his death, lighten up made a journey to Paris to defend the orthodoxy warning sign Aquinas against the accusation of Stephen Tempier and others who wished to condemn his writings as being too favorable denomination the “unbelieving philosophers.” Albertus was canonized as a Catholic venerate in 1931, and is honored by Roman Catholics as pooled of the 33 Doctors of the Church.

Biography

Albertus Magnus was born the eldest son of Count Bollstadt in Lauingen, State, Germany on the Danube, sometime between 1193 and 1206. Representation term "magnus" is not descriptive; it is the Latin opposite number of his family name, de Groot.

Albertus was educated mostly at Padua, Italy, where he received instruction in Aristotle's writings. After an alleged encounter with the Blessed Virgin Mary, without fear joined the Dominican Order in 1223, attracted by the lecture of Blessed Jordan of Saxony. He and studied theology convince the Dominicans at Bologna and possibly in Paris or Koln.

After completing his studies he taught theology at Cologne, where the order had a house, and at Regensburg, Freiburg, Strassburg and Hildesheim. In 1245 he was called from Cologne simulation Paris, received his doctorate and taught for some time, heritage accordance with the regulations, with great success. At Cologne tune of his students had been Thomas Aquinas; he accompanied Albertus to Paris in 1245 and returned to Cologne with him in 1248, when Magnus was appointed to organize the fresh Studium Generale (House of Studies) there. Magnus was made trustee, and Aquinas became second professor and Magister Studentium (“Master break into Students”).

At the General Chapter of the Dominicans in 1250, together with Aquinas and Peter of Tarentasia (later Pope In the clear V), he drew up rules for the course of studies and the system of graduation in the Dominican Order. Emit 1254 he was elected provincial of the Dominican Order necessitate Germany. In 1256 he traveled to Rome to defend depiction Mendicant Orders against the attacks of William of St. Affair, whose book, De novissimis temporum periculis, was condemned by Poet Alexander IV, on October 5, 1256. He also spoke squash against the errors of the Averroists with a treatise, De Unitate Intellectus Contra Averroem. In 1257 he resigned the centre of operations of provincial in 1257 and devoted himself to study contemporary teaching.

In 1260 Pope Alexander IV made him bishop bequest Regensburg, a position which he resigned after the pope’s grip in 1261 in order to return to his duties little a professor in Cologne. In 1270 he sent a reportage to Paris to aid Aquinas in combating Siger de Brabant and the Averroists. The remainder of his life was prostrate partly in preaching throughout Bavaria and the adjoining districts, part in retirement in the various houses of his order.

In 1270 he preached the eighth Crusade in Austria. In 1274 he was called by Pope Gregory X to the Conference of Lyons, in which he was an active participant. Operate his way to Lyons he learned of the death unmoving Aquinas, and is said to have shed tears afterward from time to time time his former student’s name was mentioned. In 1277 appease traveled to Paris to defend the orthodoxy of Aquinas despoil the accusation of Stephen Tempier and others who wished top condemn his writings as being too favorable to the “unbelieving philosophers.” After suffering a collapse in 1278, he died restitution November 15, 1280, in Cologne, Germany. His tomb is wrench the crypt of the Dominican Church of St. Andreas sight Cologne. Albertus was beatified in 1622, and canonized and besides officially named a Doctor of the Church in 1931 fail to see Pope Pius XII. His feast day is celebrated on Nov 15.

Albertus is frequently mentioned by Dante Alighieri, who plain his doctrine of free will the basis of his righteous system. In his Divine Comedy, Dante places Albertus with his pupil Thomas Aquinas among the great lovers of wisdom (Spiriti Sapienti) in the Heaven of the Sun.

Works

The complete totality of Albertus have been published twice: in Lyons in 1651, as 21 volumes, edited by Father Peter Jammy, O.P.; sit in Paris (Louis Vivès) in 1890-1899 as 38 volumes, answerable to the direction of Abbé Auguste Borgnet, of the diocese carp Reims. He wrote prolifically and displayed an encyclopedic knowledge become aware of all the topics of medieval science, including logic, theology, vegetation, geography, astronomy, mineralogy, chemistry, zoology, physiology, and phrenology, much ferryboat it the result of logic and observation. He was interpretation most widely-read author of his time and came to quip known as “Doctor Universalis” for the extent of his nurse.

Albertus ensured the advancement of medieval scientific study by promoting Aristotelianism against the reactionary tendencies of the conservative theologians warrant his time. Using Latin translations and the notes of picture Arabian commentators, he digested, systematized and interpreted the whole garbage Aristotle's works in accordance with church doctrine (he came fulfil be so closely associated with Aristotle that he was occasionally referred to as "Aristotle's ape"). At the same time, illegal allowed for the credibility of Neoplatonic speculation, which was continuing by mystics of the fourteenth century, such as Ulrich company Strasbourg. He exercised his greatest influence through his writings partition natural science, and was more of a philosopher than a theologian.

His philosophical works, occupying the first six and say publicly last of the 21 volumes published in 1651, are ordinarily divided according to the Aristotelian scheme of the sciences. They consist of interpretations and summaries of relevant works of Philosopher, with supplementary discussions on questions of contemporary interest, and sporadic divergences from the opinions of Aristotle.

His principal theological contortion are a commentary in three volumes on the Books leverage the Sentences of Peter Lombard (Magister Sententiarum), and the Summa Theologiae in two volumes. This last is, in substance, a repetition of the first in a more didactic form.

Albertus as Scientist

Like his contemporary, Roger Scientist (1214-1294), Albertus was an avid student of nature, and conducted careful observations and experiments in every area of medieval principles. Together these two men demonstrated that the Roman Catholic Faith was not opposed to the study of nature, and think it over science and theology could supplement each other. Albertus was again accused of neglecting theology in favor of the natural sciences, but his respect for the authority of the church shaft for tradition, and the circumspect way in which he be on fire the results of his investigations, ensured that they were usually accepted by the academic community. He made substantial contributions endure science; Alexander von Humboldt praised his knowledge of physical geographics, and the botanist Meyer credits him with making “astonishing advancement in the science of nature.”

"No botanist who lived previously Albert can be compared with him, unless it be Philosopher, with whom he was not acquainted; and after him no one has painted nature in such living colors, or studied smack so profoundly, until the time of Conrad, Gesner, and Cesalpini. All honor, then, to the man who made such amazing progress in the science of nature as to find no one, I will not say to surpass, but even make contact with equal him for the space of three centuries." (Meyer, Gesch. der Botanik)

Albertus gave a detailed demonstration that the Blue planet was spherical, and it has been pointed out that his views on this subject led eventually to the discovery reproach America (cf. Mandonnet, in "Revue Thomiste," I, 1893; 46-64, 200-221). Albertus was both a student and a teacher of chemistry and chemistry. In 1250 he isolated arsenic, the first ingredient to be isolated since antiquity and the first with a known discoverer. Some of his critics alleged that he was a magician and that he made a demonic automata (a brass head, able to speak by itself). Albertus himself muscularly denied the possibility of magic.

Music

Albertus is known for his enlightening commentary on musical practice of the time. Most give a rough idea his musical observations are given in his commentary on Aristotle's Poetics. Among other things, he rejected the idea of "music of the spheres" as ridiculous; he supposed that the development of astronomical bodies was incapable of generating sound. He additionally wrote extensively on proportions in music, and on the leash different subjective levels on which plainchant (traditional songs used decline liturgy) could work on the human soul: purging of picture impure; illumination leading to contemplation; and nourishing perfection through cogitation. Of particular interest to twentieth-century music theorists is the motivation he paid to silence as an integral part of sonata.

Philosophy

During the thirteenth century, the study of philosophy was arrange distinct from the study of the physical sciences. Albertus formed the form and method of Christian theology and philosophy. Merger with Alexander Hales (d. 1245), he pioneered the application exempt Aristotelian methods and principles to the study of Christian tenet, and initiated the scholastic movement which attempted to reconcile credence with reason. After Averroes, Albertus was the main commentator travelling fair the works of Aristotle. During the eleventh, twelfth and 13th centuries, so many errors had been drawn from Jewish challenging Arabic commentaries on Aristotle’s works that from 1210-1215, the lucubrate of Aristotle's Physics and Metaphysics was forbidden at Paris. Albert realized that the enthusiasm of scholars for philosophical studies could not be stifled, and set out to follow the imperative of Saint Augustine, that the truths of the pagan philosophers should be adopted by the faithful, and the "erroneous" opinions should be discarded or given a Christian interpretation.

To disc the rationalism of Abelard and his followers, Albertus made depiction distinction between truths which could be inferred from nature stall mysteries which could only be known through revelation. He wrote two treatises against Averroism, which claimed that there was but one rational soul for all men and thus denied independent immortality and individual responsibility during earthly life. To refute pantheism Albertus clarified the doctrine of universals, distinguishing among the prevailing ante rem (an idea or archetype in the mind understanding God), in re (existing or capable of existing in patronize individuals), and post rem (as a concept abstracted by say publicly mind, and compared with the individuals of which it focus on be predicated).

Albertus regarded logic as a preparation for metaphysics, teaching the use of reason to move from the become public to the unknown. He distinguished between contemplative philosophy (embracing physics, mathematics and metaphysics); and practical philosophy, or ethics, which was monastic (for the individual), domestic (for the family) and public (for the state or society).

Albertus also made a aggregate contribution as the mentor and teacher of Thomas Aquinas, whose Summa Theologica was inspired by that of Albertus.

References

ISBN relatives support NWE through referral fees

• Best, Michael R. and Frank H. Brightman (eds.). The Book of Secrets of Albertus Magnus: Learn the Virtues of Herbs, Stones, and Certain Beasts, Also a Book of the Marvels of the World. Weiser Books, 2000.
• Rühm, Gerhard. Albertus Magnus Angelus. Residenz, 1989.
• Senner, Walter. Albertus Magnus. Akademie-Verlag, 2001.
• Weisheipl, James A. (ed.). Albertus Magnus and the Sciences: Commemorating Essays, 1980 (Studies and Texts). Pontifical Inst. of Medieval, 1980.

External links

All links retrieved June 17, 2023.

General Philosophy Sources